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Chapter 11 - What is the crude birth rate, crude death rate (p.223)?
What happened to the rate of the world's annual population growth between
1963 and 2003 (p.223)? By how much did the world's population increase
in 2003 (p.224)? Which two countries together make up 38% of the world's
population (p.224)? What is replacement fertility, total fertility rate
(p.224)? What was the average global TFR in 2003 (p.224)? What is the replacement
level TFR (p.225)? Which country's population is growing faster than that
of any other developed country (p.225-226)? What factors affect birth rates
and fertility rates (p.226)? About what % of the United States' annual
population growth is due to legal & illegal immigration (p.228)? Why
do some argue that the U.S. should limit immigration & why do others
oppose reducing current levels of legal immigration (p.229)? How does age
structure affect population growth (p.229)? What is the demographic
transition (p.233)? Be able to briefly explain the 4 distinct stages of
this transition (p.233). At what stage in this transition are most developing
countries today (p.233)? Read Garret Hardin's Guest Essay on p. 234-235
& be able to answer the following questions: In what sense is Angel
Island a microcosm of the planet as a whole? How does Hardin differentiate
between simple carrying capacity & cultural carrying capacity? How
could giving up "luxuries" increase the 'simple' carrying capacity? What
will be the result if humanity gives maximum carrying capacity precedence
over problems of cultural carrying capacity? Be able to provide an answer
to question(s) #1 at the end to Hardin's essay (under the heading Critical
Thinking).
What is family planning & what is some good
news about family planning (p.234-235)? What's the bad news about family
planning (p.235-236)? When do economic rewards & penalties designed
to reduce fertility work best (p.236)? What may happen when a country's
population growth is out of control (p.236)? What is urban sprawl &
what factors have promoted urban sprawl in the United States (p.241)? What
are 4 undesirable impacts of urban sprawl on land & biodiversity (p.242)?
Chapter 2 - What is a pure command economic system, a pure free-market economic system, a capitalist market economic system (p.20)? Know that companies maximizing success in a capitalist system (1) favor globe free trade, (2) lobby for government subsidies, tax breaks, & less regulation, (3) attempt to pass harmful costs resulting from production & sale of goods and services to the public, the environment, & future generations, and (4) are obligated only to maximize profits for owners or stockholders (p.20-21). How do conventional & ecological economists differ in their views of market-based economic systems (p.21-22)? What are internal costs, external costs (p.24)? Know what is meant by full-cost pricing (p.24). What is holding back the shift to full-cost pricing (p.25)? How can we use economic disincentives to improve environmental quality and reduce resource waste (p.26)? What is the problem in making a shift to a more environmentally sustainable economy & who has to be convinced (p.30)? What factors hinder the ability of democracies to deal with environmental problems (p.31)? What is the biggest problem that keeps elected officials from being more responsive to the environmental and other needs and problems of ordinary citizens (p.31)? How can the undue influence of powerful special interests be reduced (p.32)? How is environmental policy made in the United States (p.32-33)? Be able to compare 'planetary management' and 'environmental wisdom' worldviews (Figure 2-16; p.37). Why do some think that the unregulated global free-market approach will not work (p.38)? Know that the major components of the environmental revolution include (1) decreasing our dependence of fossil fuels and increasing our dependence on forms of renewable energy, (2) protecting and sustaining biological diversity, & (3) bringing the human population into balance with the earth's ability to support humans and other species without environmental degradation. What is the real message of environmentalism (p.42)?