TEXT:
Chapter 6 - What are the two major types of aquatic life zones
(p.124)? What environmental factors determine the types and numbers of
organisms found in the three layers of aquatic life zones (p.125)? What
is the coastal zone (p.127)? What % of the ocean is coastal zone &
what % of all marine species occupy the coastal zone (p.127)? Why does
the coastal zone have a very high net primary productivity per unit of
area (p.127)? Where do coral reefs form (p.129)? What tiny animals form
coral reefs (p.129)? What ecological & economic services do coral reefs
provide (p.131)? Why are coral reefs vulnerable to damage (p.131)? Know
that the major threats to coral reefs include ocean warming, soil erosion
(that deposits silt on the coral), rising sea levels (due to global warming
& melting of glaciers & polar ice), and UV exposure (due to damage
to earth's ozone layer) (p.133). What separates the coastal zone from the
open sea (p.131)? What are the major human impacts on the world's marine
systems (p.132-133; Figure 6-37)?
Where do freshwater life zones occur (p.133)? What
are inland wetlands (p.136)? Know that the 'ecological services' provide
by freshwater systems include waste treatment & dilution, flood control,
groundwater recharge, & habitats for numerous aquatic and terrestrial
species (p.135; Figure 6-39). What are the impacts of human activities
on freshwater systems (p.137)?
Chapter 14 - What % of the Earth's surface is covered by water
(p.306)? What % of water is found in oceans and is too salty for drinking,
irrigation, or industry (p.307)? What is surface runnoff, groundwater (p.307)?
What's an aquifer (p.307)? Worldwide what's the predominant use of all
water drawn from rivers, lakes, & aquifers (p.309)? How is water used
in the United States (Figure 14-5, p.309; know the various percentages
and uses)? What are the most serious water problems in the eastern United
States (p.310)? What is the major water problem in the western United States
(p.310)? What are the advantages & disadvantages of large dams
and reservoirs (p.311-312; Figure 14-9, p.312)? Know at least three advantages
& three disadvantages of withdrawing groundwater (Figure 14-14, p.315).
What is desalination (p.317)? What are two major disadvantages of desalination
as a way to provide fresh water (p.317)? What % of the water people use
throughout the world is wasted through evaporation, leaks, and other losses
(p.318)? What are the two major causes of water waste (p.318)?
What is water pollution (p.324)? What are point
& non-point sources of water pollution (p.325)? How many people in
developing countries do not have access to clean drinking water (p.325)?
Know how residential areas, factories, and farms contribute to the pollution
of coastal waters and bays (Figure 14-33, p.334).
Chapter 17 - What % of the earth's land surface has been taken
over, disturbed, or degraded by humans (p.412)? What % of virgin (old growth)
forests in the lower 48 states has been destroyed (p.412)? What % of the
tallgrass prairie has been destroyed (p.412)? What state in the U.S. contains
most of our public land (p.414)? What are the U.S. National Forests used
for (p.414)?What are most National Wildlife Refuges used for (p.414)? Since
2001, what have the Bush administration and the U.S. Congress done (p.417)?
What are the 3 major types of forests (p.419)? What is an old-growth forest,
a second-growth forest (p.419)? Why should we care about National Forests
(p.428)? Why did timber harvesting from national forests increase
sharply between 1930 and 1988 (p.428)? Why does the Forest Service's timber-cutting
program lose money (p.428)?
How much of the world's mature tropical forests
have already been lost (p.429)? Which country has about half of the world's
remaining tropical rain forest (p.429)? What are the primary causes of
tropical deforestation (p.431, Figure 17-21)? Know that tropical forests
can be protected & sustained by (1) teaching new settlers how to practice
small-scale sustainable agriculture & forestry, (2) providing subsidies
that encourage sustainable forest use, (3) reducing illegal cutting, &
(4) reducing poverty (p.432).
What is the best way to preserve biodiversity (p.435)?
Should reserves be as large as possible (p.436-437)? What is wilderness
(p.438)? Know that, to biologists, the most important reasons for protecting
wilderness are (1) to preserve biodiversity and (2) because the wild species
they contain have a right to exist without human interference (p.439).
What % of land in the U.S. is protected as wilderness (p.440)? Why is it
difficult to protect marine biodiversity (p.441)? How can we make conservation
profitable (p.444)?