Be able to identify all structures listed below.

SQUALUS

Vertebrae
• trunk vs. caudal vertebrae
• vertebral body & arch
• vertebral canal
• hemal arch
• hemal canal
• hemal spine
• neural plate
• dorsal intercalary plate
Visceral skeleton
• palatoquadrate cartilage
• mandibular cartilage
• adductor mandibulae process
Head skeleton (also check: www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/%7Eeeob/anatomy/eeob512/shark/sharkskeletonindex.html)
• rostrum
• orbits
• foramen magnum
• occipital condyles
• otic capsules
• basal plate
• nasal capsules
• naris

• nares
• quadrate
• orbit
• gular series
• dermal roof
• lower jaw series
• post-temporal series
• palatal series
• hyomandibular
• opercular series

NECTURUS

Vertebrae & ribs
• body
• spinous process
• transverse process
• diapophysis
• parapophysis
• caput
• tuberculum
• cranial zygapophysis
• caudal zygopophysis
• vertebral canal
Skull
• premaxilla
• frontal
• parietal
• foramen magnum
• squamosal
• quadrate
• exoccipitals
• occipital condyles
• vomer
• pterygoid
• parasphenoid
• ethmoid plate
• lower jaw:
• dentary
• angular

TURTLE

Skull      (See: campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/terry.derting/anatomyatlas/snapturtskullamy-becky.html)
• premaxilla
• quadrate
• exoccipital
• maxilla
• postorbital
• supraoccipital
• prefrontal
• zygomatic
• vomer
• frontal
• quadratojugal
• palatine
• parietal
• squamosal
• pterygoid
• basioccipital
• foramen magnum
• occipital condyle
• stapes
• lower jaw:
• articular
• surangular
• coronoid
• angular
• dentary
• prearticular

CAT

Vertebrae
• Vertebrae types (atlas, axis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal)
• vertebral arch
• body
• vertebral canal
• cranial zygopophysis
• caudal zygapophysis
• intervertebral foramina
• transverse process
• transverse foramen
• spinous process
• rib facets
Ribs
• head
• tuberculum
• neck
• body
• costal cartilage

Sternum
• manubrium
• body
• xiphisternum
Skull (lateral view)
• foramen magnum
• frontal
• occipital condyle
• parietal
• tympanic bulla
• occipital
• external acoustic meatus
• palatine
• mastoid process
• vomer
• mandibular fossa
• basisphenoid
• premaxilla
• infraorbital canal
• maxilla
• lacrimal canal
• lacrimal
• nasals
• zygomatic
• temporal
Lower jaw
• dentary
• angular process
• ramus
• mental foramina
• coronoid process
• mandibular foramen
• condyloid process

Skeletal system - Appendicular skeleton

SQUALUS

Pectoral girdle & fin
• suprascapula
• scapulocoracoid
• glenoid surface
• coracoid bar
• propterygium
• mesopterygium
• metapterygium
• radial pterygiophores
• ceratotrichia
Pelvic girdle & fin
• puboischiadic bar
• iliac process
• metapterygium
• propterygium
• radial pterygiophores
• ceratotrichia

AMIA

Pectoral girdle
• cleithrum
• supracleithrum
• post-temporal
• postcleithrum

NECTURUS

Pectoral girdle & appendage
• scapula
• suprascapular cartilage
• coracoid plate
• procoracoid process
• humerus
• radius
• ulna
• carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges
Pelvic girdle & appendage
• ilium
• ischium
• pubic cartilage
• femur
• tibia
• fibula
• tarsals
• metatarsals
• phalanges

TURTLE    (See: campus.murraystate.edu/academic/faculty/terry.derting/anatomyatlas/turtappenskelamy-becky.html)

Pectoral girdle & appendage
• scapula
• acromion
• anterior coracoid
• glenoid cavity
• humerus
• radius
• ulna
• carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges
Pelvic girdle & appendage
• ilium
• pubis
• ischium
• acetabulum
• femur
• tibia
• fibula
• tarsals
• metatarsals
• phalanges

Pectoral girdle & appendage
• scapula
• coracoid process
• glenoid cavity
• spine
• acromion process
• metacromion process
• infraspinous fossa
• supraspinous fossa

 
• clavicle
• humerus
• greater tuberculum
• head
• lesser tuberculum
• trochlea
• capitulum
• olecranon fossa
• medial epicondyle
• lateral epicondyle
• shaft
• supracondylar foramen
• ulna
• trochlear notch
• olecranon
• coronoid process
• radial notch
• styloid process
• radius
• head
• radial tuberosity
• styloid process
• manus
• scapholunar
• carpals
• metacarpals
• phalanges
Pelvic girdle & appendage
• innominate bone
• ilium
• acetabulum
• ischium
• pubis
• obturator foramen
• femur
• head
• greater trochanter
• lesser trochanter
• lateral condyle
• medial condyle
• intercondylar fossa
• shaft
• patella
• tibia
• lateral condyle
• medial condyle
• tibial tuberosity
• medial malleolus
• shaft
• fibula
• head
• shaft
• lateral malleolus
• pes
• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• cuboid
• cuneiform bones
• metatarsals
• phalanges

Useful links:

Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Cat Anatomy Tutorial

Comparative Vertebrate Atlas Index

Digital Anatomy Online

Structure of the Skull in Vertebrates

Back to BIO 342 Syllabus